Canadian Supreme Court case on sex work reignites debate on decriminalization

The case, R v. Kloubakov, is set to be heard by the Supreme Court of Canada in November 2024. The case involves two men from Calgary who were convicted under Canada’s sex work laws for financially benefiting from prostitution by working as drivers for sex workers.

The men are appealing their convictions, arguing that the charges violate their Charter rights. They claim that the law criminalizes non-exploitative roles, such as providing support services to sex workers, and thus unfairly impacts those working with sex workers in legitimate capacities.

The Supreme Court is barring a national coalition of 23 sex worker organizations and two organizations that work with migrant sex workers, claiming that “their views are irrelevant.” According to The Conversation, Critics say that a critical perspective on the reality of sex work is being ignored and “rehearses Canada’s longer history of excluding those connected with sex work based on race, gender, and immigration status.”

This case could significantly affect the legal landscape for sex workers and those working with them, raising concerns over whether the current laws actually protect workers or push them into more dangerous situations.

Canada’s sex work laws and the case for decriminalization

This case is based on Canada’s Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act (PCEPA), which criminalizes “everyone who procures a person to offer or provide sexual services” and anyone “who receives a financial or other material benefit” from sex work. While the law is framed as a way to protect vulnerable workers, advocacy groups argue it does the opposite by driving the sex work industry further underground and endangering the very people it claims to protect.

The Canadian Alliance for Sex Work Law Reform (CASWLR) states,

“Sex workers and those wishing to purchase sexual services must avoid police for fear of detection, apprehension, and in the case of migrant women, deportation.”

CASWLR argues that sex workers are left in vulnerable positions because they cannot hire third parties such as drivers or security without risking prosecution under PCEPA. As reported by The Conversation,

Going underground means sex workers are at amplified risk of exploitation and physical harm because they have reduced bargaining power and cannot use safety measures, such as hiring third parties or implementing certain vetting and safety protocols in the spaces they would like to use, for fear of attracting the attention of polices.

 Unique dangers for migrant sex workers

The stakes are even higher for migrant sex workers, who could face detention, deportation, and a permanent ban from re-entering Canada if charged or even investigated under the country’s sex work laws. This fear forces many migrant workers into riskier, more hidden work, leaving them vulnerable to abuse and exploitation by clients and third parties alike. As stated in the article, “sex workers are effectively forced into these precarious conditions because of the existing laws.”

Despite the critical impact on migrant sex workers, the Supreme Court has refused to hear testimony from the Migrant Workers Alliance for Change and the Canadian Association of Refugee Lawyers. As the article points out, historically, both the Canadian and U.S. governments have used laws to target migrant women, especially Asian women, under the guise of protecting them from trafficking.

A high stake fight for ALL workers’ rights

“Courts are meant to consider the wider implications of how laws are interpreted, implemented, and the potential ways they affect others,” states CASWLR.

Critics argue that the Supreme Court’s refusal to hear from sex workers and migrant advocates reflects a broader unwillingness to acknowledge the lived experiences of those targeted by these laws.

If the current laws are upheld, sex workers—particularly migrants—may continue to face increased risks of violence, exploitation, and deportation. Decriminalization, many argue, is the only way to ensure that sex workers can operate safely and with autonomy.

Advocating for the rights of marginalized communities means listening to lived experiences of those communities. What the Supreme Court of Canada must understand is that the decriminalization of sex work really means building resilience to trafficking for sexual exploitation. Learn more about Freedom United’s support for the full decriminalization of sex work to prevent exploitation.